droits de l'homme
RSF publie un texte de Zoé Valdés sur la liberté de la presse
Parmi les auteurs sollicités par l’organisation que dirige Robert Menard, on trouve entre autres Henri Amouroux, Fernando Arrabal, Didier Daeninckx, Alain Finkielkraut, Marcel Gauchet, Jean Lacouture, Bernard-Henri Lévy, André Glucksmann, Eduardo Manet, Erik Orsenna, André Comte-Sponville, Zoé Valdès ou encore Raoul Vaneigem.
Nous avons choisi de reproduire ici le texte de Zoé Valdés, qui fait référence à la situation des Cubains en matière de liberté d’expression.
Survivre bâillonné
Pour moi, la liberté d’expression fait partie inhérente de la liberté et de la condition humaine. La liberté d’expression c’est faire confiance à la pensée, et exprimer cette confiance par la parole c’est réaliser une des principales fonctions de l’être humain : la communication à travers la raison et l’entendement, mais aussi à travers la polémique, la poésie, en comprenant la réalité et ses concepts en leurs multiples variations. Quand l’homme commence à redouter sa propre pensée, à se défiler et à fuir ses propres mots, par crainte de la censure, alors là il a perdu sa liberté.
Donner libre cours à l’imagination, à l’analyse, au raisonnement est aussi naturel que d’apprendre à parler, à jouer, à ordonner ses sentiments. La liberté d’expression naît dans l’esprit, à l’instant même où une personne relie un mot à un autre, autrement dit, dès l’enfance. Et c’est terrible quand, depuis tout petit, tu es obligé de vivre dans la double morale, et qu’on t’impose de camoufler ou de dissimuler tes opinions.
Quand tu es né et as poussé en voyant fouler aux pieds la liberté, comme c’est le cas pour nous qui sommes nés et avons poussé dans cet horrible méli-mélo créé par Castro – le facho-castro-communisme -, nous débarrasser de ce casque de fer qui emprisonne notre esprit se révèle très difficile et douloureux. Le blocage mental peut durer toute la vie.
Car vivre sans pouvoir exprimer ses opinions constitue une des pires tortures psychologiques, et s’il est déplorable de grandir dans une société où l’on censure toutes les libertés, il est plus triste encore de découvrir un jour qu’on y a vécu complètement adapté.
Et si la censure nous traque et nous tue à petit feu, c’est pire encore de sentir que l’autocensure s’est installée dans notre cerveau en faisant de nous des robots, des cadavres.
Le pire c’est de vivre dans l’ignorance totale du droit à la liberté d’expression, dans la méconnaissance de toute espèce de liberté. C’est tout simplement pathétique.
Ce qui est terrible c’est quand les dictatures totalitaires parviennent à te convaincre que la vie est normale de cette façon, sans avoir droit à rien qui ne soit le paternalisme et l’obéissance aveugle. Alors tu survis bâillonné, en te croyant heureux. Il n’est pas normal qu’encore aujourd’hui, en plein XXIe siècle, il y ait des personnes qui doivent parler à voix basse chez elles, au milieu de leur famille, par crainte d’être écoutées. Et qu’à la seule énonciation d’un mot, on imagine déjà le châtiment du bourreau.
Le grand poète José Martí a écrit que « l’homme vit de se donner ». Et dans ce don humain et infini, ce qui a le plus de prix, sans aucun doute, c’est la pensée, la valeur de pouvoir l’exprimer, et d’échanger librement ses idées avec les autres.
On m’a demandé, en maintes occasions, quels sont mes héros, et je réponds toujours que mes héros ce sont mes amis : les poètes et les journalistes emprisonnés à Cuba et dans le monde. Mes amis, ce sont aussi les journalistes de Reporters sans frontières qui, comme je l’ai dit auparavant, sont mes héros, parce qu’ils luttent inlassablement pour la liberté d’expression. C’est avec eux que j’ai appris à connaître le sens véritable du mot liberté, qui est vie.
Zoé Valdés
(trad.A.Bensoussan)
droits de l'homme
L’organisation internationale contre la torture lance une « intervention d’urgence » pour José Daniel Ferrer
MIAMI, États-Unis.- L’Observatoire pour la protection des défenseurs des droits humains (OPDDH), a lancé ce vendredi une campagne d' »Interventions urgentes » en faveur du prisonnier politique et de conscience cubain José Daniel Ferrer García, leader de l’Union patriotique de Cuba (UNPACU), selon une note de Radio Televisión Martí.
droits de l'homme
Who Is Filling Cuba’s University Classrooms?
New students at the University of Havana (14ymedio) Born during the Special Period, they have grown up trapped in the dual currency system, and when they get their degrees Raul Castro will no longer be in power. They are the more than 100,000 young people just starting college throughout the country. Their brief biographies include educational experiments, battles of ideas, and the emergence of new technologies They know more about X-Men than about Elpidio Valdés, and only remember Fidel Castro from old photos and archived documentaries. They are the Wi-Fi kids with their pirate networks, raised with the « packets » of copied shows and illegal satellite dishes
New students at the University of Havana (14ymedio)
Born during the Special Period, they have grown up trapped in the dual currency system, and when they get their degrees Raul Castro will no longer be in power. They are the more than 100,000 young people just starting college throughout the country. Their brief biographies include educational experiments, battles of ideas, and the emergence of new technologies They know more about X-Men than about Elpidio Valdés, and only remember Fidel Castro from old photos and archived documentaries.
They are the Wi-Fi kids with their pirate networks, raised with the « packets » of copied shows and illegal satellite dishes. Some nights they would connect through routers and play strategy video games that made them feel powerful and free. Whoever wants to know them should know that they’ve had « emerging teachers » since elementary school and were taught grammar, math and ideology via television screens. However, they ended up being the least ideological of the Cubans who today inhabit this Island, the most cosmopolitan and with the greatest vision of the future.
On arriving at junior high school they played at throwing around around the obligatory snack of bread while their parents furtively passed their lunches through the school gate. They have a special physical ability, an adaptation that has allowed them to survive the environment; they don’t hear what doesn’t interest them, they close their ears to the harangues of morning assemblies and politicians. They seem lazier than other generations and in reality they are, but in their case this apathy acts like an evolutionary advantage. They’re better than us and will live in a country that has nothing to do with what we were promised.
A few months ago, these same young people, starred in the best known case of school fraud uncovered publicly. Some of those hoping to earn a place in higher education bought the answers to an admissions test. They were used to paying for approval, because they had to turn to private tutors to teach them what they should have learned in the classroom. Many of those who recently enrolled in the university had private teachers starting in elementary school. They are the children of a new emerging class that has used its resources so that their children can reach a desk at the right hand — or the left — of the alma mater.
These young people dressed in uniforms in their earlier grades, but they struggled to differentiate themselves through the length of a shirt, a fringe of bleached hair, or through pants sagging below their hips. They are the children of those who barely had a change of underwear in the nineties, so their parents tried to make sure they didn’t « go through the same thing, » and turned to the black market for their clothes and shoes. They mock the false austerity and, not wanting to look like militants, they love bright shiny colors and name brand outfits.
Yesterday, with the start of the school year, they received a lecture about the attempts of « imperialism to undermine the revolution through its youth. » It was like a faint drizzle running over an impervious surface. The government is right to be worried; these young people who have entered the university will never become good soldiers or fanatics. The clay from which they are made cannot be molded.
Excerpt from:
Who Is Filling Cuba’s University Classrooms?
droits de l'homme
A Caricature of a Cuban Woman
Woman drinking (14ymedio) 14yMEDIO, Yoani Sanchez, Havana, 22 August 2014 — A woman on national television said that her husband « helps » her with some household chores. To many, the phrase may sound like the highest aspiration of every woman. Another lady asserts that her husband behaves like a « Federated man, » an allusion to the Federation of Cuban Women (FMC), which today is celebrating its 54th anniversary. As for me, on this side of the screen, I feel sorry for them in the face of such meekness
14yMEDIO, Yoani Sanchez, Havana, 22 August 2014 — A woman on national television said that her husband « helps » her with some household chores. To many, the phrase may sound like the highest aspiration of every woman. Another lady asserts that her husband behaves like a « Federated man, » an allusion to the Federation of Cuban Women (FMC), which today is celebrating its 54th anniversary. As for me, on this side of the screen, I feel sorry for them in the face of such meekness. Instead of the urgent demands they should mention, all I hear is this appreciation directed to a power as manly as it is deaf.
It’s not about « helping » to wash a plate or watch the kids, nor tiny illusory gender quotas that hide so much discrimination like a slap. The problem is that economic and political power remains mainly in masculine hands. What percentage of car owners are women? How many acres of land are owned or leased by women. How many Cuban ambassadors on missions abroad wear skirts? Can anyone recite the number of men who request paternity leave to take care of their newborns? How many young men are stopped by the police each day to warn them they can’t walk with a tourist? Who mostly attends the parent meetings at the schools?
Please, don’t try to « put us to sleep » with figures in the style of, « 65 percent of our cadres and 50 percent of our grassroots leaders are women. » The only thing this statistic means is that more responsibility falls on our shoulders, which means neither a high decision-making level nor greater rights. At least such a triumphalist phrase clarifies that there are « grassroots leaders, » because we know that decisions at the highest level are made by men who grew up under the precepts that we women are beautiful ornaments to have at hand… always and as long as we keep our mouths shut.
I feel sorry for the docile and timid feminist movement that exists in my country. Ashamed for those ladies with their ridiculous necklaces and abundant makeup who appear in the official media to tell us that « the Cuban woman has been the greatest ally of the Revolution. » Words spoken at the same moment when a company director is sexually harassing his secretary, when a beaten woman can’t get a restraining order against her abusive husband, when a policeman tells the victim of a sexual assault, « Well, with that skirt you’re wearing… » and the government recruits shock troops for an act of repudiation against the Ladies in White.
Women are the sector of the population that has the most reason to shout their displeasure. Because half a century after the founding of the caricature of an organization that is the Federation of Cuban Women, we are neither more free, nor more powerful, nor even more independent.
Follow this link:
A Caricature of a Cuban Woman